Defendant

The court considers the severity of the offence, the defendant's level of culpability (blameworthiness), the harm caused, any previous criminal record (aggravating factors), and positive character references or early guilty pleas (mitigating factors).

Sentences can include discharges (absolute or conditional), fines, community orders (unpaid work, rehabilitation), suspended prison sentences, or immediate custodial sentences (imprisonment).

Yes. The defense can appeal against the severity of the sentence, and the prosecution can appeal (in some serious Crown Court cases) if they believe the sentence was unduly lenient.

For a single summary/either-way offence, magistrates can sentence a defendant to a maximum of 6 months in prison (or up to 12 months for multiple either-way offences), alongside unlimited fines and community orders.

Magistrates are trained volunteers from the local community who sit in panels of three. A District Judge is a qualified legal professional who sits alone. Both have the same sentencing powers.

Possessing illegal drugs with the intention of selling, sharing, or distributing them to others, or being actively involved in drug production/importation.

Extremely serious offences, almost always sent to the Crown Court. Class A supply can carry up to life imprisonment. Class B and C supply carry up to 14 years imprisonment.

Behaviours that cause, or are likely to cause, fear, alarm, distress, or disorder in public spaces. Includes affray, violent disorder, and threatening behaviour (Public Order Act 1986).

Low-level public order offences (Section 5) result in fines. Serious offences like affray (Section 3) carry up to 3 years imprisonment. Violent disorder (Section 2) carries up to 5 years.